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disorders anxiety For Anxiety Disorder and Depression The use of medication can help a lot of people manage anxiety, but they aren't the only solution. Exercise and psychotherapy can be effective treatments too. Certain antidepressants, such as SSRIs (citalopram, Lexapro, fluoxetine, Prozac, paroxetine, Zoloft) also treat anxiety. Other medications, like histamine blockers like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can also help relieve anxiety. Antidepressants If you've been diagnosed with depression, your doctor may prescribe medication as part of a treatment plan. Antidepressants, one of the most commonly prescribed medications are available in a variety of types. The type your provider chooses will depend on the severity of your symptoms as well as any other medical conditions you suffer from, and your the treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way your brain's nerve cells communicate. The drugs increase the number of neurotransmitters that are present in your brain, which improves your mood and anxiety. Antidepressants may take a few weeks to produce results, so be patient and stick with your regimen. Benzodiazepines may also be prescribed by your physician to treat anxiety or depression. They are extremely fast-acting drugs and can be used as a short-term solution to alleviate the immediate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The Benzodiazepines include lorazepam, alprazolam and others. They inhibit the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones involved in the fight or flight reaction. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are an antidepressant type older that can be effective for treating anxiety and depression. They are usually prescribed to patients who have not had a response to other antidepressants. They also require changes to diet to prevent hypertensive interactions caused by the amino acid tyramine. Tell your doctor if are taking an antidepressant on prescription. This includes vitamins and other supplements. You may need to reduce the dosage if other medications affect the way antidepressants function or if there are side effects. Contact a doctor immediately if are thinking of suicide. There are many signs of anxiety and depression, or you may have a comorbidity of depression and anxiety. People with comorbid anxiety and depression have a poorer medical prognosis compared to those with only one disorder. Certain psychiatric drugs have been proven to be especially helpful in treating both disorders for people who suffer from comorbid depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazep diazepam and lorazepam. These medications work on the benzodiazepine-receptors in the central nervous system which are five transmembrane protein molecules that make up a benzylchloride channel at the center. The benzodiazepine receptors also possess an affinity site for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutryic acids type A (GABA-A). The benzodiazepines increase the GABA-A concentration, thus decreasing the activity of the nerve and relaxing muscles. The Benzodiazepines are famous for their rapid onset however, they also carry a high risk of dependence and addiction. Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and buspirone all have a long duration of action, but are more suitable for long-term use since they don't produce tolerance or addiction. Depression and anxiety disorders are often co-occurring, and antidepressants can help decrease depressive symptoms that are associated with anxiety. However, many people with depression suffer from a mix of both anxious and depressive symptoms and will require the combination of medication and therapy to manage all their symptoms. In these cases benzodiazepines are employed for short intervals of time to control anxiety and depression symptoms until other medication takes effect. The medications are typically prescribed for a brief period of time, but not daily. These medications should not be used for extended durations as they can trigger withdrawal symptoms, such as shaking or difficulty sleeping. If you are considering taking benzodiazepines, tell your doctor about any previous dependence or substance abuse issues and any other mental health problems you have. Your doctor will be able to discuss potential side effects and recommend alternative medications to treat your depression, if needed. Benzodiazepines can create serious and even life-threatening problems in the event that you consume too much or have never previously taken them. If you are breastfeeding, pregnant or have an underlying liver disease, digestive or respiratory disorders your doctor may suggest lower doses or reduce the time you are treated with these medications. Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines and can increase the chance of developing side effects and dependence, so you should avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking them. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be utilized as an aid to manage anxiety symptoms. They are a different kind of drug than the benzodiazepines like Xanax and are able to block receptors that adrenaline binds to. They also slow brain and nervous system functions. They can be used in lieu of benzodiazepines that are more addictive and have an increased risk of dependency. Beta blockers are typically prescribed for heart conditions and may be beneficial in treating anxiety as they reduce blood pressure and slow down the heart rate. They are not FDA-approved for treating anxiety disorder. They are often used “off label” for this purpose and are a great alternative if other anti-anxiety drugs do not provide relief or have intolerable adverse effects. They are especially effective in cases of social anxiety and performance anxiety, in which uncomfortable symptoms can arise in situations that cause anxiety. They can be used in conjunction with other treatment methods like CBT and SSRIs. They are especially effective as an addition therapy for people suffering from GAD, which is characterized by constant and persistent anxiety that can interfere with daily activities. They can also assist in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, like a racing heart or increased sweating. Although beta-blockers can assist in helping reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, they cannot solve the mental issues that cause the condition. They are best used to complement other treatments like benzodiazepines and SSRIs. It is important to discuss your medical history and any other health concerns with your doctor prior to taking beta-blockers. The use of these drugs is associated with a decrease in suicidal behavior and psychiatric hospitalisations However, the results differ depending on the specific psychiatric condition and past psychiatric history. In addition, they are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events in certain patients. There are generalized anxiety disorder that have beta-blocker properties, however, they aren't as effective as prescription drugs. These include antioxidants, garlic, saffron and potassium. The effectiveness of these natural supplements is not yet fully understood. Certain supplements could cause serious side effects, so it is best to consult a doctor before taking them. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are used to alter the way that your brain functions. They interfere with the monoamine oxide enzyme, which breaks down chemicals such as serotonin, norepinephrine and other chemicals that allow brain cells to communicate with one another. By blocking monoamine oxidase MAOIs keep more of these chemical messengers in your brain, which boosts your mood through improved brain cell communication. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders, particularly agoraphobia and mixed depression-anxiety states. However, they are less effective in pure anxiety states and may not help with panic attacks. The effectiveness of MAOIs has been due to the fact that they boost levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters are naturally produced in your body and then released into the bloodstream, where they travel to nerve cells and act as a messenger between neurons. Iproniazid was the first antidepressant to be discovered in 1950. It inhibited monoamine oxidease. This led to the development of other MAOIs like tranylcypromine or isocarboxazid, which have long been known to treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. MAOIs can cause serious withdrawal symptoms if suddenly stopped. They may also cause serious drug and food interactions. A newer MAOI called MAOA-A, which is a selective and irreversible inhibitor is being studied for its use in treating depression resistant to treatment. It is not recommended for use in bipolar disorder since it could trigger manic symptoms. Selegiline, a newer MAOI (also known as Eldepryl or Zelapar), has been studied for Parkinson's treatment. It blocks monoamine oxidase but does not affect the other enzymes that break down levodopa – the primary treatment for Parkinson's. These drugs can be used as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with other antidepressants. In certain patients, the MAOIs could cause a reaction that results in increased neuromuscular excitability and hyper-reflexia. This can manifest itself as muscle twitching or eyelid flickering. These reactions are more prevalent when these medications are used in conjunction with certain food items such as aged cheeses and preserved meats.